Casi: nearly - almost - hardly

Nearly: casi, cerca de (una cantidad), aproximadamante
Almost: casi
Hardly: casi, apenas, casi no

Let's see the differences and uses:

Difference between almost and nearly

Almost and nearly have similar meanings. They are both used to express ideas connected with progress, measurement or counting.

He slipped and almost fell to the ground. 
or 
He slipped and nearly fell to the ground.


Dinner is almost / nearly ready. (= Dinner will soon be ready.)

Sometimes almost shows more ‘nearness’ than nearly.

Compare:
It is nearly 12 o’clock. (= perhaps 11.45)

It is almost 12 o’clock. (= perhaps 11.55)


Differences

Nearly can be used with very and prettyAlmost cannot be used with very and pretty.
I have pretty nearly finished. (NOT I have pretty almost finished.)
Nearly is less common in American English.

Differences

Nearly suggests progress towards a goal. Almost suggests ideas such as similarity.

He is almost like a father to me. (NOT He is nearly like a father to me.)

She has got a strange accent. She almost sounds foreign.

Nearly is not normally used before negative words like never, nobody, nothing, any etc. Instead we use almost or hardly with ever, anybody, anything etc.
The speaker said almost nothing.  OR The speaker said hardly anything. (= The speaker said only a few words of little importance.)
(NOT The speaker said nearly nothing.)

Almost nobody came. OR Hardly anybody came. (NOT Nearly nobody came.)


Hardly is a negative word and is often used with words like 'any' and 'ever', but it should not be used with other negative words: We hardly ever do anything interesting.

Hardly comes before the main verb of a sentence, but when there is a modal or auxiliary verb, hardly usually comes after it: I can hardly breathe. ♦You have hardly done any work.
In stories and in formal English, hardly is sometimes used at the beginning of a sentence before an auxiliary verb: Hardly had she begun to speak, when there was a shout from the back of the hall.

Hardly is not related to the word 'hard'.




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Significado de UP en phrasal verbs

Probablemente el adverbio UP es uno de los que forman más phrasal verbs. En líneas generales, UP tiene el sentido de un movimiento hacia arriba, de empezar, de incrementar, de realización o terminación.

Movimiento hacia arriba
He always gets up early. (get up = levantarse)
Empezar 
He’s setting up a new business in his hometown. (set up = emprender un negocio)
Incrementar
If you turn up the volume, you’ll bother the neighbors. (turn up = subir el volumen)
Realizar por completo
Drink up your coffee! We have to go (drink up = apurar el trago, terminar la bebida)
Terminar
I ended up going to the party after the gym (end up doing sth.= terminar haciendo algo)
Como siempre, hay excepciones—algunos phrasal verbs tienen más de un significado, y algunos de los significados no parecen tener mucho que ver con el significado literal de “up”. 


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